Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States, claiming over 50,000 lives every year. Nevertheless, when caught early, the prognosis can significantly improve making the condition treatable. To prevent and manage colorectal cancer, the most important factor is early detection: colorectal screening and colonoscopies should not be delayed.
At South Plains Rural Health Services, we support your health and well-being through preventive measures. Today, we’ll explore the importance of colorectal screenings, who should be screened, and how often.
The Importance of Colorectal Screenings
Colorectal cancer typically starts as polyps or benign growths in the colon or rectum. While most polyps are harmless, some can turn cancerous over time. Colorectal screenings identify these polyps early, allowing them to be removed before they become dangerous. At the same time, screenings can detect colorectal cancer at its earliest stages (when it’s most treatable) improving the chances of a successful treatment.
By undergoing regular screenings, the risk of developing colorectal cancer can be significantly reduced. Detecting those abnormalities earlier means a less invasive treatment and a higher likelihood of recovery.
Recommended Guidelines
According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), individuals at average risk for colorectal cancer should begin regular screenings at age 45. Why? Because there has been a recent increase in colorectal cancer diagnoses among younger adults. However, the timing and frequency of screening may vary based on individual risk factors:
Common screening methods include:
- Colonoscopy: The gold standard for detecting polyps and colon cancer. Colonoscopies allow doctors to examine the entire colon and rectum, removing polyps during the procedure if necessary. It’s typically recommended every 10 years starting at age 45 (or earlier for those with a family history)
- FOBT (Fecal Occult Blood Test): A non-invasive test that checks for hidden blood in the stool, which can be a sign of cancer or precancerous growths. This test is usually done annually
- FIT (Fecal Immunochemical Test): Similar to FOBT, but uses antibodies to detect blood in the stool. This test is also performed annually.
- Stool DNA test (e.g.; Cologuard) A test that looks for DNA changes and blood in the stool that might indicate colorectal cancer. This test is typically done every three years.
The healthcare providers at South Plains Rural Health can help determine the best screening schedule based on your age, medical history, and personal preferences. Remember, colonoscopies remain the most comprehensive and effective screening method for colorectal cancer.
When Should I Start Undergoing Colorectal Screenings?
The starting age for colorectal screening may differ for those with certain risk factors. In general, individuals with one or more of the following factors need to begin screening earlier or undergo them more frequently:
Age
The risk of colorectal cancer increases as you age. Regular screening becomes more critical after age 45. However, screenings may need to start even earlier for those with a family history of other risk factors
Family History and Genetic Factors
A personal or family history of colorectal cancer, certain types of polyps, or inherited genetic conditions like Lynch syndrome of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) can significantly elevate your risk. In these cases, screenings may need to begin well before age 45, sometimes as early as age 20 or 25, depending on the specific condition.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD
Individuals with chronic inflammatory conditions like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis have an increased risk of colorectal cancer. If you’ve had IBD for 30 years or longer, you might face a higher risk (up to 7%) of developing colorectal cancer, and more frequent screening may be necessary.
Lifestyle Factors
Certain lifestyle habits can also affect your risk. A sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption are known risk factors for colorectal cancer. If you have a history of any of these habits, you may need to start screenings earlier or undergo them more frequently.
Dietary Choices
Your diet plays an important role in your colorectal health. A diet that is low in fiber and high in fat, red meats, and processed foods can increase your risk of colorectal cancer. On the other hand, diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber may lower your risk. If your diet is less than ideal, speak with our healthcare provider about a personalized approach to screening.
How Often Should I Be Screened?
The frequency of your colorectal screening depends on the type of test and your risk factors. Here’s a general guideline:
- Colonoscopy: Typically performed every 10 years for those at average risk starting at age 45. If polyps or other issues are detected, you may need follow-up colonoscopies more frequently (e.g; every 3-5 years)
- Stool-based Tests: These tests (FOBT, FIT, or stool DNA tests) are generally performed on an annual or triennial basis, depending on the test and your healthcare provider’s recommendations. If a stool-based test is positive, a follow-up colonoscopy will usually be required
- High-Risk Individuals: If you have increased risk factors (family history, IBD, etc) your provider will recommend a more personalized screening schedule. These screenings may start earlier than age 45 and may need to occur more frequently.